Fig. 5

The illustrations show the conventional mechanical axis and true mechanical axis. A A preoperative left lower extremity with genu varum with the normal subtalar joint. B A postoperative left lower extremity after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), which does not show a difference between conventional and true mechanical axis. C A magnified illustration of the knee and ankle joints after OWHTO. D A preoperative left lower extremity with genu varum with the stiff subtalar joint. E A postoperative left lower extremity after OWHTO, which shows the difference between conventional and true mechanical axis. F A magnified illustration of the knee and ankle joints after OWHTO