Table 1 Demographic characteristics

Age (years)

74.7 ± 7.1

50 to 95

Sex (female)

94.4%

Body mass index

26.7 ± 3.3

15.8 to 38.1

Preoperative HKAA*

9.9 ± 5.7

−21.3 to 30.8

Postoperative HKAA*

1.6 ± 2.1

−6.7 to 12.3

Cerebrovascular disease

10.5%

Diabetes mellitus

26.7%

Hypertension

38.1%

Ischemic heart disease

10.7%

Chronic liver disease

3.8%

Chronic kidney disease

3.4%

Patella resurfacing

66.1%

Preoperative flexion contracture^†

9.2 ± 7.7

−5 to 60

Preoperative flexion angle

124.7 ± 15.9

45 to 150

Postoperative flexion contracture^†

0.4 ± 2.3

−5 to 20

Postoperative flexion angle

127.6 ± 10.6

70 to 150