Table 2 Comparison of the clinical factors between the two groups (relapse versus no-relapse)
From: Risk factors of recurrent periprosthetic joint infection of the knee after two-stage reimplantation
Relapse group (n = 15) | Non-relapse group (n = 50) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient factors | |||
ASA status | |||
1 | 1 | 9 | 0.412 |
2 | 14 | 38 | |
3 | 0 | 3 | |
Hypertension (yes/no) | 12/3 | 26/24 | 0.075 |
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no) | 6/9 | 16/34 | 0.792 |
Rheumatoid arthritis of the affected knee (yes/no) | 1/14 | 2/48 | 0.551 |
Cardiovascular disease (yes/no) | 1/14 | 4/46 | 1.000 |
Cerebrovascular disease (yes/no) | 1/14 | 4/46 | 1.000 |
Depression (yes/no) | 0/15 | 3/47 | 1.000 |
Dementia (yes/no) | 0/15 | 2/48 | 1.000 |
History of malignancy (yes/no) | 1/14 | 4/46 | 1.000 |
Chronic kidney disease (yes/no) | 1/14 | 2/48 | 1.000 |
Chronic liver disease (yes/no) | 0/15 | 1/49 | 1.000 |
Chronic pulmonary disease (yes/no) | 1/14 | 1/49 | 0.411 |
Neurological disease (yes/no) | 0/15 | 3/47 | 1.000 |
Peripheral vascular disease (yes/no) | 0/15 | 0/50 | 1.000 |
Other rheumatic disease (yes/no) | 0/15 | 1/49 | 1.000 |
Active steroid usage (yes/no) | 0/15 | 1/49 | 1.000 |
Smoking (yes/no) | 0/15 | 2/48 | 1.000 |
Alcohol abuse (yes/no) | 2/13 | 1/49 | 0.131 |
Laboratory factors | |||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.4 ± 1.4 | 11.0 ± 1.2 | 0.347 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.272 |
PNI | 57.6 ± 13.0 | 62.2 ± 10.6 | 0.244 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 6.8 ± 9.1 | 4.6 ± 4.1 | 0.464 |
ESR (mm/h) | 98.3 ± 20.3 | 68.7 ± 18.6 | 0.002 |
Synovial WBC count (*1000 cells/ µL) | 28.6 ± 24.7 | 23.2 ± 17.3 | 0.616 |
Surgical factors | |||
Effective surgical time (min) | 176.9 ± 43.6 | 182.6 ± 42.6 | 0.684 |
Tourniquet time (min) | 125.9 ± 29.8 | 120.5 ± 32.9 | 0.581 |
Estimated blood loss (ml) | 448.5 ± 297.9 | 524.2 ± 426.5 | 0.469 |
Extensive surgical approach (yes/no) | 1/14 | 6/44 | 1.000 |
Hinged implant due to irreparable ligamentous instability (yes/no) | 2/13 | 3/47 | 0.273 |
Significant bone defects requiring augments (yes/no) | 13/2 | 48/2 | 0.506 |
Pathogen type | |||
G( +) | 10 | 42 | 0.167 |
G(−) | 1 | 2 | |
Fungus | 2 | 5 | |
Mixed | 2 | 1 | |
Antibiotics resistance (yes/no) | 6/9 | 19/29 | 1.000 |
Positive culture (yes/no) | 15/0 | 48/2 | 1.000 |
Sinus tract (yes/no) | 3/12 | 16/34 | 0.522 |
Usage of transfusions | 2/13 | 3/47 | 0.325 |
Total number of cement spacer insertion | |||
1 | 10 | 44 | 0.083 |
2 | 5 | 5 | |
3 | 0 | 1 | |
TKA type (primary/revision) | 3/12 | 48/2 | < 0.001 |
DAIR surgery prior to cement spacer insertion | 6/9 | 21/29 | 1.000 |
Time from initial surgery to cement spacer insertion (months) | 45.4 ± 46.3 | 49.7 ± 72.0 | 0.789 |
Time from cement spacer insertion to prosthesis reimplantation (months) | 4.4 ± 2.8 | 5.1 ± 5.0 | 0.493 |