Table 3 Comparison of the clinical factors between the two groups in which relapse occurred (same pathogen relapse versus different pathogen relapse)
From: Risk factors of recurrent periprosthetic joint infection of the knee after two-stage reimplantation
Same pathogen (n = 4) | Different pathogen (n = 11) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Average time to recurrence (months) | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 2.8 | 0.382 |
Patient factors | |||
Age (years) | 75.5 ± 5.7 | 72.0 ± 6.7 | 0.358 |
Sex (male/female) | 1/3 | 2/9 | 1.000 |
Height (cm) | 158.6 ± 8.0 | 156.4 ± 9.2 | 0.661 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 3.3 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 0.950 |
ASA status | |||
1 | 0 | 1 | 1.000 |
2 | 4 | 10 | |
3 | 0 | 0 | |
Hypertension (yes/no) | 4/0 | 8/3 | 0.517 |
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no) | 1/3 | 5/6 | 0.604 |
Rheumatoid arthritis of the affected knee (yes/no) | 1/3 | 0/11 | 0.267 |
Cardiovascular disease (yes/no) | 0/4 | 1/10 | 1.000 |
Cerebrovascular disease (yes/no) | 0/4 | 1/10 | 1.000 |
Depression (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
Dementia (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
History of malignancy (yes/no) | 1/3 | 0/11 | 0.267 |
Chronic kidney disease (yes/no) | 1/3 | 0/11 | 0.267 |
Chronic liver disease (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
Chronic pulmonary disease (yes/no) | 0/4 | 1/10 | 1.000 |
Neurological disease (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
Peripheral vascular disease (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
Other rheumatic disease (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
Active steroid usage (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
Smoking (yes/no) | 0/4 | 0/11 | 1.000 |
Alcohol abuse (yes/no) | 0/4 | 2/9 | 1.000 |
Laboratory factors | |||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.1 ± 1.3 | 11.8 ± 1.1 | 0.062 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 0.001 |
PNI | 55.4 ± 1.6 | 58.2 ± 14.8 | 0.553 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 5.9 ± 2.4 | 7.6 ± 11.1 | 0.688 |
ESR (mm/h) | 100.0 ± 30.0 | 97.9 ± 22.7 | 0.919 |
Synovial WBC count (*1000 cells/ µL) | 22.9 ± 11.4 | 35.6 ± 34.1 | 0.528 |
Surgical factors | |||
Effective surgical time (min) | 205.0 ± 52.2 | 168.5 ± 39.9 | 0.352 |
Tourniquet time (min) | 146.0 ± 30.1 | 119.8 ± 28.4 | 0.268 |
Estimated blood loss (ml) | 750.0 ± 390.5 | 358.0 ± 212.2 | 0.218 |
Extensive surgical approach (yes/no) | 1/3 | 0/11 | 0.267 |
Hinged implant due to irreparable ligamentous instability (yes/no) | 1/3 | 2/9 | 1.000 |
Significant bone defects requiring augments (yes/no) | 4/0 | 10/1 | 1.000 |
Pathogen type | |||
G (+) | 3 | 8 | 0.440 |
G (−) | 1 | 0 | |
Fungus | 0 | 2 | |
Mixed | 0 | 1 | |
Antibiotics resistance (yes/no) | 3/1 | 3/8 | 0.235 |
Sinus tract (yes/no) | 1/3 | 2/9 | 1.000 |
Usage of transfusions | 1/3 | 1/10 | 0.476 |
Total number of cement spacer insertion | |||
1 | 2 | 8 | 0.051 |
2 | 2 | 3 | |
3 | 0 | 0 | |
TKA type (primary/revision) | 0/4 | 3/8 | 0.517 |
Prior DAIR surgery prior to cement spacer insertion | 1/3 | 4/7 | 1.000 |
Time from initial surgery to cement spacer insertion (months) | 29.3 ± 19.4 | 51.3 ± 52.4 | 0.255 |
Time from cement spacer insertion to prosthesis reimplantation (months) | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 2.9 | 0.018 |