Table 4 Muscle activation according to the knee extension moment (KEM). The average of muscle activation was calculated in a specific KEM value range
KEM (% Bw × Ht) | Control group (n = 28) | Patients with PFPS (n = 31) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
VM (% MVC) | −3 | 9.66 (8.17) | ||
−2‡ | 13.16 (11.16) | 14.47 (7.01) | < 0.001 | |
−1‡ | 4.32 (3.2) | 11.46 (6.33) | < 0.001 | |
0 | 3.00 (2.03) | 4.76 (2.96) | 0.13 | |
1 | 2.84 (1.6) | 4.74 (4.79) | 0.23 | |
2 | 2.27 (1.31) | 3.82 (3.42) | 0.63 | |
3 | 2.10 (1.21) | 3.53 (2.51) | 0.84 | |
4 | 2.12 (1.34) | 4.01 (2.02) | 0.42 | |
5‡ | 2.52 (2.21) | 6.42 (2.59) | < 0.001 | |
6‡ | 3.35 (4.02) | 9.01 (3.38) | < 0.001 | |
7 | 4.71 (5.77) | |||
8 | 6.76 (7.2) | |||
VL (% MVC) | −3 | 10.91 (6.08) | ||
−2‡ | 14.32 (7.93) | 17.14 (9.87) | < 0.001 | |
−1‡ | 4.70 (2.69) | 13.92 (6.38) | < 0.001 | |
0 | 3.45 (2.5) | 5.13 (2.92) | 0.01 | |
1 | 3.13 (2.56) | 4.13 (4.19) | 0.38 | |
2 | 2.43 (2.29) | 3.7 (4.14) | 0.68 | |
3 | 2.34 (2.27) | 3.95 (3.96) | 0.48 | |
4 | 2.48 (2.55) | 4.88 (3.89) | 0.07 | |
5‡ | 2.67 (2.36) | 7.98 (5.4) | < 0.001 | |
6‡ | 3.33 (2.35) | 11.38 (7.85) | < 0.001 | |
7 | 4.73 (2.98) | |||
8 | 6.97 (3.95) | |||
ST (% MVC) | −3 | 9.59 (5.99) | ||
−2‡ | 9.06 (6.5) | 20.32 (15.09) | < 0.001 | |
−1 | 3.96 (2.93) | 12.07 (9.82) | 0.01 | |
0 | 2.65 (1.75) | 6.38 (4.38) | 0.79 | |
1 | 1.91 (1.17) | 6.28 (5.82) | 0.77 | |
2 | 1.96 (1.47) | 6.69 (6.14) | 0.99 | |
3 | 2.57 (2.27) | 8.20 (6.3) | 0.33 | |
4 | 3.92 (3.41) | 10.79 (7.04) | 0.02 | |
5‡ | 5.35 (4.57) | 14.8 (10.24) | < 0.001 | |
6‡ | 6.71 (5.13) | 17.4 (12.5) | < 0.001 | |
7 | 8.04 (5.58) | |||
8 | 8.87 (5.96) | |||
GCM (% MVC) | −3 | 4.44 (4.17) | ||
−2 | 10.57 (6.86) | 7.12 (5.78) | 0.06 | |
−1‡ | 32.10 (15.05) | 31.75 (16.37) | < 0.001 | |
0‡ | 43.12 (21.13) | 55.29 (20.11) | < 0.001 | |
1 | 5.40 (3.75) | 6.97 (3.44) | 0.02 | |
2 | 4.31 (3.3) | 5.31 (3.59) | 0.42 | |
3 | 4.75 (4.07) | 5.28 (3.77) | 0.45 | |
4 | 4.80 (4.2) | 4.99 (3.8) | 0.63 | |
5 | 4.68 (4.32) | 4.82 (3.87) | 0.75 | |
6 | 4.47 (4.39) | 4.90 (3.98) | 0.70 | |
7 | 4.26 (4.24) | |||
8 | 3.97 (3.87) |