The impact of central sensitization on perioperative pain in TKA: a retrospective cohort study

Table 5 Influence factors of KOOS pain postoperative changes in multiple linear regression analysis

Improvement of KOOS pain	β	95% CI	p-Value	VIF
Age, per 1 year	−0.18	−1.64, 0.30	0.1704	1.12
Female	0.12	−6.07, 17.55	0.3348	1.05
BMI ≥ 25	−0.07	−13.52, 7.89	0.6007	1.19
KL grade 4	0.16	−4.29, 17.73	0.2267	1.06
High CS	0.06	−8.01, 12.93	0.6398	1.17
High pain self-efficacy	−0.11	−15.01, 6.11	0.4021	1.12
Abnormal BS-POP	−0.11	−17.10, 7.47	0.4363	1.18

Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with age, sex, BMI, KL grade, CSI-9, PSEQ, and BS-POP. Abbreviations are explained in the footnote of Table 3

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