Table 1 Mechanisms of Knee Cyst Formation

Popliteal Cyst

Increased intra-articular pressure, joint capsule herniation, valve-like mechanism trapping synovial fluid

[1, 2, 12, 13]

Meniscal Cyst

Synovial fluid inflow through meniscal tears, myxoid degeneration

[1, 21, 23, 25]

PTFJ Cyst

Joint capsule outpouching, chronic knee effusions, bursal irritation

[1, 4, 7]

Ganglion Cyst

Mucoid degeneration of collagen structures, mesenchymal hyperplasia, synovial herniation

[1, 7, 26]

All

Biological Factors in Cyst Formation: Chronic inflammation and impaired healing response contribute to cyst persistence and recurrence. PRP + HA may help modulate this process

[30]